In order to improve the quality of water, disinfection and purification of untreated surface and groundwater are necessary.
Community level
Public / private water treatment facilities aim to safely drink and drink drinking water, and make sure that there is enough water to meet community needs.
Untreated untreated water from underground aquifers (via wells) or surface water sources such as rivers and lakes. It flows to the processing facility or is pumped. At that moment, the water is pretreated to remove debris such as leaves and silt. After that, it eliminates the microorganisms causing the disease and goes through a series of treatment processes such as disinfection and filtration using chemical substances and physical processes. When the process is complete, water often flows out through a pump and piping system, often called a distribution system.
Based on factory technology and water to be treated, there are slight differences in the water treatment process in various places, but the fundamental principle is almost the same.
Coagulation / aggregation
In the solidified state, liquid aluminum sulphate or alum, and sometimes polymer, is placed in untreated / raw water. This mixture fasts or coagulates small soil particles in water together. The aggregate of soil particles then combine to produce larger, heavier particles (known as flocs), which are easily removed by filtration / sedimentation.
Sedimentation
As water and floc particles pass through the treatment process, water flows into the slowly moving sedimentation base where heavy floc particles sink to the bottom. The flock collected at the bottom of the basin is known as sludge. It reaches the drying lagoon through the pipe. Since sedimentary condition is not included in direct filtration, floc is removed by filtration.
Filtration
Water passes through a filter to remove water particles. The filter contains a layer of gravel and sand, in other cases it is an anthracite crushed. Filtration collects impurities of suspended water and improves disinfection efficiency. The filter is cleaned periodically by backwashing.
Disinfection
Before water enters the distribution system, it is disinfected so that bacteria causing diseases, parasites and viruses are eliminated. Chlorine is used as chlorine is very effective in sanitizing and maintaining residual concentrations to protect against biological contamination that may be present in the moisture distribution system.
Sludge drying
The collected solids are then settled out of the water by sedimentation and filtration and carried to a dry lagoon.
Fluoride
The process of water fluoridation is the treatment of the regional water supply to adjust the concentration of free fluoride ions to an optimum level that is sufficient to reduce the cavity of the teeth. In accordance with the NSW fluorination of the public water supply law in 1957, Hunter water is required to fluorinate water.
Correction of pH
Lime is added to the filtered water, pH level is adjusted, natural soft water is stabilized, corrosion of distribution system and customers is prevented. You can reduce piping.
