Nicotine itself is not addictive, but it releases dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reinforcement in the brain, and triggers species that is addictive to humans. Nicotine is a chemical substance contained in tobacco leaves, the main constituent of tobacco, and is said to cause poisoning and illness of tobacco smokers (World Health Organization (WHO)).
Nicotine mimics the activity of the neuromuscular junction of acetylcholine and skeletal muscle, which are naturally occurring neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. Acetylcholine is a cause of excitability and causes an increase in heart rate, arousal level, reaction time (Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1989; 97 (2): 257-61). Since acetylcholine and nicotine are chemically similar, they induce the same cholinergic receptor in the brain. The nicotine-acetylcholine receptor consists of nerve endings that release dopamine when bound or bound with nicotine or acetylcholine. The receptors are like cups with precise dimensions that are compatible with neurotransmitter molecules such as acetylcholine.
Nerve endings (neuron tips) are lined up in the cup itself. When the neurotransmitter acetylcholine binds to the cup-like acetylcholine receptor (cholinergic receptor), it is these nerve endings that release dopamine. Since dopamine released from nerve ending causes individual brain pleasure, dopamine reinforcement and reward phenomena develop. The reinforcement mechanism is initiated as the brain becomes addicted to the pleasure caused by dopamine released from cholinergic receptors. This means that the brain is always seeking pleasure. So, for tobacco smokers, they will smoke so that you can induce the release of dopamine in the brain so that you will be happy every time tobacco nicotine smokes. Neuroscience 7, 967 - 975 (December 2006)).
Tobacco smoker for the first time smoked cigarettes The natural action of acetylcholine requires only a normal amount of receptors provided in nature to do its work so that only a few cholinergic receptors are utilized It was possible. However, the increase in available nicotine concentration caused the normal amount of cholinergic receptor to be desensitized to the presence of an increased number of nicotine at cholinergic receptors. This desensitization causes the production or growth and development of more cholinergic receptors. These extra cholinergic receptors become desensitized from the readily available excess nicotine. Such a process is carried out until equilibrium is reached. Equilibrium will be reached if tobacco smoker determines the amount of tobacco consumed or smoked on a given day. At this point, a certain amount of receptor is available for continuation of intoxication. Smokers usually say they smoke one or two packs a day. They said so because of the amount of receptors available to accommodate 2 packs of cigarettes a day.
All this deleterious effect is the fact that such massive cholinergic receptors are currently available and starved for nicotine. Therefore, they can stimulate dopamine and make tobacco smokers happy. This is why cigarette smokers end a very difficult time. The best approach for that is to use when the cigarette smoker is finished is to gradually reduce the amount of smoked tobacco at a given time interval.
In addition to nicotine's dopamine-induced effect, every time you smoke cigarettes there is a speedup of your heart rate with nicotine. From a medical point of view, an artificial increase in heart rate is not always a wonderful idea. First, a constant rise in heart rate by drugs such as nicotine can cause heart disease (WHO).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the use of tobacco causes diseases affecting the heart and lung such as heart attacks, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and cancer. Most cancers induced by tobacco are lung cancer, laryngeal cancer, oral cancer and pancreatic cancer. Tobacco smoke also causes myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and hypertension. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that tobacco is responsible for about 5.4 million deaths in 2004 and about 100 million deaths in the 20th century.
In addition to its addictive effects on the central nervous system, tobacco smoke contains numerous cancer causing substances. They act by binding to DNA that causes many genetic mutations. Nicotine can be a major cause of cancer by binding to DNA and causing genetic mutation. It is said that nicotine destroys the natural process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) by binding to intracellular DNA (National Health of Health (NIH)). Defective cells consist of unwanted DNA and other waste. When apoptosis is inhibited, natural cell death does not occur. Rather, defective cells are allowed to proliferate or multiply uncontrollably. This is what happens in cancer, and the main reason why tobacco smokers are more likely to develop cancer.
When apoptosis is induced by a chemical such as nicotine uncontrollably, normal cells die. This may be occurring in the heart tissue of tobacco smoker suffering from heart disease and what happens on the limbs of tobacco smokers who often complain excessive coldness of fingers, arms, toes and legs Possible where circulation is lowest.
There is no existing study supporting this accurate explanation. However, based on the known scientific evidence of apoptosis and the knowledge of the increased mortality rate of tobacco smokers, this hypothetical explanation is somewhat credible. Otherwise we will gain credibility until proven! Tobacco smokers have a fatal one, and one of the drugs behind it is nicotine.
Tar of cigarette smoke is also an agent who smokes the life of smokers of cigarettes. The lungs of cigarette smokers are as black as the color of asphalt. It is like a severe firepot roast. This is why most tobacco smokers become breathing difficulties. It is impossible for air to freely pass through the smoker's airway. The sad thing is that it is difficult for smokers to smoke. So, they blow away the silent killer - smoking of the cigarette and continue walking the way of destruction everyday.
One very important solution to quit smoking is to reduce one cigarette a day if it is suddenly changed to a fatal habit if the amount of cigarettes in a day is too little, or in a month It is to smoke one cigarette less. Usually, if you smoke a cigarette pack once a day, that person removes one of the cigarettes, please throw it away and put it in the trash can. Do not forget that cigarette smoking began gradually. In the early stages of cigarette smoking, nobody started smoking the cigarette pack once a day. Smoking one less tobacco per particular time frame will help eliminate excessive cholinergic receptors that nicotine wants very much.
Wellbutrin is another way to help people stop quitting smoking. Wellbutrin is an antidepressant medicine used by people with depression. But it is very powerful to help people kick the fatal habits of cigarette smoking. Unlike other smoking cessation medicines, you can take it while smoking. Wellbutrin blocks nicotinic receptors and weakens the effect of dopamine reuptake by neurons (J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Oct; 295 (1): 321-7).
Tobacco smokers who are interested in smoking cessation need to schedule exercise schedule as smokers who smoke cigarettes lack nicotine cause weight gain. How do I know this? The original cigarette smoker who kicked the custom complains of adding weight after stopping smoking. Please ask the cigarette smoker. One will hear the same thing. Nicotine induces weight loss in smokers. This is the reason why most tobacco smokers are lean or slim. If a tobacco smoker is obese while smoking a cigarette, that person may have a very dangerous medical condition lurking in the shade, so he must see a doctor without fail.
