What is mitral stenosis? In simple terms, it is only a stenosis of the mitral valve. This valve is located on the left side of the heart between the left ventricle and the left atrium. The valve maintains unidirectional blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle.
Causes of stenosis or stenosis of the mitral valve:
- Rheumatic fever
- Congenital mitral valve stenosis - a baby deficiency with a stenosed valve in an infant
- Tumors like left atrial myxoma - these prevent the valve from opening
- Infection.
Results of stenosis and its effects on the body:
Here, both leaflets (mitral valve) of the valve gradually begin fusion. This makes blood difficult to move the lungs from the atrium (left) through the mitral valve to the ventricle (left). As severity progresses, blood returns to the lungs. These result in the accumulation of blood and bodily fluids in the air sac in the lungs (congestion).
Symptoms and signs:
- Shortness of breath
- In severe cases where Orthopnea is difficult to flatten in bed,
- Paroxysmal nighttime breathing difficulty. I feel breathing and the hunger of the air intensely and wake up in a strange time.
- Fatigue
- Blood hemoptysis or cough
- Palpitations and irregular heartbeats are also common due to the high frequency of atrial fibrillation
- In the examination, the doctor hears abnormal sounds in your heart, you hear such sound called mind noise.
Diagnosis test
The doctor can order some or all of the following diagnostic tests.
Chest x-ray: This allows the doctor to obtain information on the size of the heart and four chambers as well as important information on the lungs. Expansion of the left atrium and congestion of the lung are normal findings.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) - This records changes in electrical activity occurring during beating. It helps diagnosis of heart rate and rhythm abnormality. It also provides information on diastolic or cardiovascular muscle damage. Atrial fibrillation is one such observation found in mitral valve stenosis.
Echocardiogram or echo - This test is used to examine the heart using ultrasound. It helps to measure the structure of the heart. Evaluating the area of the valve and the degree of stenosis is an important test. It gives a fair idea about the quality of the valve quality and whether the calcification is heavy. This data is very important for further treatment planning.
Cardiac Catheterization Method / Coronary Angiography: Angiography is necessary for people over the age of 40. It is essential to detect whether there are significant blocks in the coronary arteries and whether coronary artery bypass surgery is necessary as valvular surgery.
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Medical:
Because rheumatic fever is a major cause of it, always keep in mind that prevention is very important as long as this condition is concerned. So, please never ignore throat infection. Prevent rheumatic fever and damage heart valves.
Balloon mitral valve incision (BMV): This is the expansion of the mitral valve by cardiac catheterization. This may be an option where the mitral valve is not significantly calcified and there is no associated incompetence of the valve.
Surgery: If the valve is not yet calcified, it can be spread by open chest surgery. If you have severe calcification or serious damage, you can replace the valve using a bioprosthetic valve (made from animals like pigs or cows) or mechanical valves.
