Considering that morbid eating disorder and its related diseases are suffering from many people worldwide than malnutrition, among medical experts, the number one health problem in the world is currently heart disease and It is said that it is obese rather than obese. According to the World Health Organization (June 2005), "Obesity is prevalent worldwide, there are over 1 billion people overweight, at least 300 million people are clinically obese, the world of chronic disease Obesity is a complicated condition with a serious social and psychological aspect, and it is effective for all ages and socioeconomic aspects, because obesity frequently coexists in developing countries with deficient nutrition It affects the group. " According to the latest data of the National Health Center (NUS), 30% of over 60 million Americans over the age of 20 years are obese. This increase is not limited to adults, and the proportion of overweight young people has more than tripled since 1980. Of the children aged 6 to 19 and teenagers, 16% nt (over 9 million young people) are considered overweight. "
Morbid obesity is listed as 100 pounds. Obesity alone with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or more alone is very at risk of suffering from combinations of several other metabolic factors such as having hypertension. Insulin resistance, and / or abnormal cholesterol levels, all of which are associated with poor diet and exercise deficits. The sum is larger than the parts. Although each metabolic problem is a risk of separate diseases, it increases the possibility of life-threatening diseases such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, stroke. 30.5% of adults in our countries are suffering from morbid obesity, and 2/3 or 66% of adults overweight by a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 25. Considering that the US population is currently over 290,000,000 people, up to 73 million Americans have some type of educational awareness and / or treatment for morbid eating disorders or food poisoning. In general, the feeding pattern is a pattern of depression and anxiety which causes problems of weight and eating habits (eg, overeating, overeating, diarrhea, purging, obsessing with eating habits, calories, etc.) feel shame and guilt Puzzled by the associated symptoms, causing serious maladaptive social and / or professional disadvantages in function.
Several people depend on certain life activity activities like diet, which can threaten life as well as drug addiction and can give social and psychological damage as well as alcoholism We need to consider building relationships. Some people suffer from hormonal disorders and metabolic disorders, but most obese people only consume more calories than they burn due to overeating fasting eating disorders. Overweight obesity resulting from macroscopic and habitual overeating is thought to be as found in these infested personality disorders with a loss of control over certain appetite (Orford, 1985). Some aspects of eating disorder episodes are characterized by being unable to stop or control how much they are eating and what they are eating (DSM - IV - TR, 2000). Lienard and Vamecq (2004) have proposed a "self-addictive" hypothesis for pathological eating disorders. "Eating disorders are associated with abnormal levels of endorphins and share clinical similarities with psychoactive drug abuse." They report that "pathological management of eating disorders can lead to two extreme situations: anorexia (anorexia) and over feeding (bulimia)."
Simultaneous morbidity and mortality
Addiction and other psychiatric disorders in principle do not develop isolatedly. The National Collaborative Morbidity Survey (NCS), which sampled the US population in 1994, is an Axis I spirit that can be diagnosed by approximately 50% of young and adolescents (15 to 54 years old) in unregulated American men and women Disability Time in their life. The results of this survey discontinue the substance until 35% of men are subject to psychiatric disorder diagnosis, and about 25% of women have severe mood disorder (mostly major depression). An important finding of NCS research was the widespread occurrence of complications of the diagnosed disorder. Specifically, 56% of respondents who had at least one history of disability also had two or more additional obstacles. Those with a history of three or more co-morbidities are estimated to be one-sixth of the US population, or 43 million (Kessler, 1994).
McGinnis and Foege (1994) found that the most significant causes of mortality in the US in 1990 were tobacco (an estimated 400,000 deaths), diet and activity patterns (300,000 people), alcohol (100,000 people), microorganisms Examples include agents (60,000), firearms (35,000), sexual activity (30,000), automobiles (25,000), drug illegal use (20,000). Prevention Service Task Force launched to study behavior counseling interventions in healthcare situations (Williams & Wilkins, 1996).
Poor prognosis
Today we recognize that treatment of lifestyle diseases and addiction is more difficult and unsatisfactory for all concerned than in any other time in history. Even with the most effective treatment strategy, duplicate failures are in every addiction. But why does 47% (eg) of patients treated with the private treatment program relapse within 1 year after treatment (Gorski, T., 2001)? Are addictive specialists conditioned to accept failure as standard? There are many reasons for this poor prognosis. Several people declare that addiction is mentally induced and maintained in a half-balanced power field of multidimensional power of driving and restraint. Others say failure is simply due to lack of self motivation or power. Most people will agree that lifestyle behavior poisoning is a serious health risk, but multiple addicts are diagnosed (in a single dependency) because of lack of diagnostic tools and resources Would you like to solve the complexity of evaluation and evaluation of multiple addicts who may be?
Diagnostic description
So far, DSM-IV-TR does not depict diagnosis for multiple behavioral and drug poisoning complexities. Although we are booking a multi-substance dependent diagnosis for people who repeatedly use at least three substance groups in the same 12 months, the criteria for this diagnosis do not include symptoms of behavioral behavior. Psychological factors affecting the medical condition section (DSM - IV - TR, 2000); serious health behaviors (eg, overeating, dangerous sexual activity, excess alcohol and drug use etc) Only when it exerts a significant influence, it can be described on axis I.
Because successful treatment outcome relies on thorough assessment, accurate diagnosis, comprehensive individual treatment planning, it is not an exception to the poisoning field in which the latest DSM - IV therapy was used, It does not include diagnosis of multiple toxic behavior disorders. At the treatment clinic, a treatment planning system that comprehensively assesses multiple toxic and psychiatric disorders and related treatment needs and comprehensively provides education / awareness, preventive strategy groups, and / or specific addiction treatment services Network is necessary for multiple addiction. The goals and objectives of the treatment described should be specified for each individual addiction and individual dimension. It is necessary to measure measurable action targets and achievement criteria concretely, based on action (visible activity).
A newly proposed diagnosis
In order to support a limited DSM-IV-TR solution more diagnostic capability, which is a multidimensional diagnosis of "hyperactivity poisoning", is proposed to lead to a more effective treatment plan for accurate diagnosis Has been done. This diagnosis encompasses the broadest category of toxic diseases, including individuals showing combinations of other obsessive behavioral toxic behavioral patterns against substance abuse addiction, pathological gambling, religion, sexual activity / pornography, and the like. Behavior addiction is psychologically and socially harmful as well as alcohol and drug abuse. It is comparable to other lifestyle diseases such as lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, its etiology, its etiology, resistance to treatment and so on. They are progressive obstacles with obsessive thinking and compulsive behavior. They are also characterized by continuous or periodic loss of control, and concern with continuous irrational behavior despite adverse outcomes.
Hyperactivity addiction is described as a periodic or chronic condition of physical, mental, emotional, cultural, sexual and / or mental / religious poisoning. These various types of toxins are generated by repetitive obsessive thinking and compulsive practice involving pathological relationships with mood changing substances, people, tissues, belief systems, and / or activities. Individuals have overwhelming desire, tendency to strengthen compliance with these practices, necessity or conviction, evidence of tolerance, absence and withdrawal phenomena, the influence always being physical and / or This pathological relationship with spiritual dependence. Furthermore, there are periods of twelve months in which the individual is concurrently involved in pathologically more than two behavioral and / or substance-use poisoning, but the criterion is not particularly met for dependence on any poisoning (Slobodzien, J . 2005). Essentially, poly behavioral addiction is a behavioral addiction that involves multiple physiologically addictive substances and behaviors (eg use / abuse of nicotine, alcohol, drugs and / or gambling, impulsive or obsessive with respect to food bingo And / or religion, etc.), which is a synergistically integrated chronic dependence on behavior (eg, acting on a child), or the like.
New suggested theory
Addiction Recovery Measurement System (ARMS) theory is a nonlinear focusing on the interaction between multiple risk factors and situation-determining factors similar to catastrophe and catastrophe in predicting and explaining toxic behavior and recurrence It is a dynamic non-hierarchical model. Multiple effects trigger on high-risk situations and operate, affecting the global multidimensional function of an individual. The process of recurrence may be based on factors such as background factors (eg, family history, social support, potential age and concurrent pathology), physiological conditions (eg, physical withdrawal), cognitive processes (eg, self-efficacy, Motivation, effect of violating abstinence, expectation of outcome), coping skills (Brownell et al., 1986; Marlatt & Gordon, 1985). Simply put, a small change in personal behavior brings about a large qualitative change at the global level, and the pattern at the global level of the system emerges only from many small interactions.
The ARMS hypothesis has multidimensional synergistic negative resistance in which individuals evolve into one form of treatment in one dimension of life as the effects of individual poisoning interact dynamically multidimensionally He insists. Focusing mainly on one dimension is inadequate. Traditionally, poisoning treatment programs have not been able to deal with multiple synergistic negative effects of individuals with multiple dependences (such as nicotine, alcohol, obesity, etc.). Behavior addiction interacts with strategies to improve mutual and overall function. They tend to encourage the use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs, increase violence, lower functioning capacity and promote social isolation. The majority of today's therapy theory involves evaluating other dimensions to identify diagnosis of a double diagnosis or comorbidity disease or to assess contributing factors that may play a role in an individual's major poisoning. In addition to developing specific goals and objectives in each dimension, the theory of ARMS has to develop a multidimensional treatment plan that addresses multiple poisonings that may have been identified for each dimension of an individual's life It declares.
ARMS recognizes the complexity and unpredictable nature of lifestyle-related diseases after promising to accept aid for changes in lifestyle habits. The stage model of change (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1984) is supported as a model of motivation incorporating the five stages of preparatory stages of pre-change preparation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. ARMS theory supports self-efficacy and construction of social networking as an exit predictor of future behavior in various lifestyle risk factors (Bandura, 1977). A cognitive behavioral approach to prevention of recurrence (Marlatt, 1985) aiming to identify and prevent situations with high risk of recurrence is also supported by ARMS theory.
ARMS continues to promote a 12-step recovery group such as food poisoners and alcohol addiction anonymity, as well as mental and religious reconstruction activities as a necessary means to maintain effectiveness. The beneficial effect of AA may be due in part to replacing the social network of participating friends with AA member companions who can provide motivation and support for maintaining dormancy (Humphreys, K .; Mankowski, ES, 1999) and Morgenstern, J. Labouvie, E. McCrady, BS; Kahler, CW; and Frey, RM, 1997). In addition, the AA approach leads to the development of coping skills that are similar to those taught in more structured psychosocial treatment environments, thereby leading to a reduction in alcohol consumption (NIAAA, June 2005 ).
The magnitude of the treatment course
The American Society of Toxic Medicine (2003), "Patient placement criteria for treatment of substance-related disorders, 3rd edition" defines standards in the field of intoxication treatment to recognize the whole body of a patient or her life Situation. This includes multidimensional internal interrelationships from biomedical to spiritual, and personal relationships among families and larger social groups. Lifestyle poisoning affects many areas of personal function and often requires multimodal treatment. However, actual progress requires appropriate intervention and stimulating strategies for each dimension of individual life.
(1) The clinicians assist in identifying additional motivational techniques that can raise individual awareness to encourage progress: (2) ARMS has identified the following seven treatment progression areas: ) Measurement during the course of treatment, and (3) measurement result after treatment Effect:
PD-1. Abstinence / Recurrence: Dimension of Progress
PD - 2. Biomedical / Physical: Dimension of Progress
PD - 3. Mental / emotional: Dimension of progress
PD - 4. Social / cultural: Dimension of progress
PD-5. Education / Occupation: Dimension of Progress
PD-6. Attitudes / Behavior: Dimension of Progress
PD - 7. Spirituality / Religion: Dimension of Progress
Considering that an imbalanced lifestyle is involved in a semi-stable equilibrium force field for addiction, ARMS philosophy advocates have found that effective treatment effects and successful outcomes are " It is the result of a synergistic relationship, 39; dimensions that exert multiple life functions, reducing confusion and resilience to bring about individual harmony, wellness, productivity.
Addiction Recovery Measurement - Subsystem
Chronic lifestyle diseases and disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, alcoholism, drugs, behavioral poisoning, etc. can not be cured and managed, so how should we effectively manage poly behavioral habits?
The Addiction Recovery Measurement System (ARMS) uses the multidimensional integrated assessment, treatment planning, treatment course and treatment result measurement system to facilitate rapid and accurate recognition and evaluation of progressive dimensions of individual comprehensive life functions It is proposed. "ARMS" combines the following five versatile subsystems that are used systematically, systematically, interactively, and spiritually individually or together.
1) Prognostic system - It was developed to evaluate overall life function dimensions of individuals for comprehensive psychosocial evaluation for objective 5-axis diagnosis using point-based overall function evaluation scores 12 Screening equipment.
2) Target intervention system including target intervention scale (TIM) and target progress report (A) & (B) for individual intervention target different treatment plan.
3) Progress Point System - Create a progress report during treatment of six life functional dimensions with a standardized performance-based motivation recovery point system.
4) Multidimensional tracking system with tracking team survey (A) and (B) utilizes multi-sector tracking team to support emissions plan with ARMS emission standard guidelines. And
5) Therapeutic outcome measurement system - Use the following two measuring instruments. (A) Treatment Outcome Measurement (TOM); (b) Global Assessment of Progress (GAP) to support after-care treatment planning.
National movement
With the conclusion of the Cold War, the threat of nuclear warfare of nuclear weapons has been greatly diminished. After all, it may be difficult to imagine comedians are not nuclear warheads, they may be using humor that they are "fried potatoes" which will destroy humanity. More seriously, lifestyle diseases and poisoning are major causes of preventable morbidity and mortality, but preventive behavior assessment and counseling intervention are insufficient in medical precautionary measures (Whitlock, 2002) .
The US Preventive Service Task Force recommends that effective behavior counseling interventions to deal with personal health practices be more effective than overall secondary precautions such as routine screening for early disease (USPSTF, 1996) We have promised to improve. Common health promoting behaviors include healthy diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, proper alcohol / drug use, and responsible sexual activity (including the use of condoms and contraceptives).
350 state organizations and 250 state public health, mental health, substance abuse, environmental agencies support the Department of Healthy People 2010 program of the US Department of Health and Human Services. In this national initiative, primary care clinicians recommend using clinical preventative assessment and short behavior counseling for early detection, prevention and treatment of lifestyle diseases and addiction symptoms in all patients. At all medical visits.
Partnerships and coordination among service providers, government agencies, and regional bodies in providing treatment programs are essential in addressing multitasking solutions to hyperactivity addiction. I encourage you to support American mental health and poisoning programs and hope that the (ARMS) resources will help personally fight the warfare on multidisciplinary pathological feeding disorders.
For details, please see the following:
Multi-behavior poisoning and poisoning recovery measurement system,
James Slobodzien, Psy.D., CSAC at:
[http://www.geocities.com/drslbdzn/Behavioral-Addictions.html]
Anonymous of food poisoners: http: //www.foodaddictsanonymous.org/
Alcohol anonymous: http: //www.alcoholics-anonymous.org/
References
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American Society of Toxic Medicine (2003), "Patient placement criteria for patients
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http://www.asam.org/
Bandura, A. (1977), Self Efficiency: Toward a Unified Theory of Behavior Change. Psychological review,
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Brownell, KD, Marlatt, GA, Lichtenstein, E., & Wilson, GT (1986). Understanding and prevention of recurrence American psychologist, 41, 765 - 782.
Disease Control and Prevention Center (CDC). Acquired on 18th June 2005: http: //www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/
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McGinnis JM, Foege WH (1994). Actual cause of death in the United States. US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington DC 20201
Humphreys, K .; See Mankowski, ES; Moos, RH; and Finney, JW (1999). Does the enhanced friendship network and positive response mediate the effect of self-help groups of drug abuse? Ann Behav Med 21 (1): 54-60.
Kessler, RC, McGonagle, KA, Zhao, S., Nelson, CB, Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Wittchen, H. H, -U, & Kendler, KS (1994). The lifetime of the DSM-III-R mental disorder in the United States and the 12-month prevalence
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Morgenstern, J .; Labouvie, E .; McCrady, BS; Kahler, CW; and Frey, RM (1997). Therapeutic effect and action mechanism of anonymous alcohol addicts after treatment. J Consult Clin Psychol 65 (5): 768-777.
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Prochaska, JO, & DiClemente, CC (1984). Transnational approach: to cross treatment boundaries. Malabar, FL: Krieger.
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Whitlock, EP (1996). Evaluation of Primary Care Behavior Counseling Intervention: Evidence based approach. Am J Prev Med 2002; 22 (4): 267- 84. Williams & Wilkins. US Preventive Service Task Force. Clinical Prevention Service Guide. 2nd ed. Alexandria, Virginia.
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