The main concerns of bone health are osteoporosis (including osteopenia) and osteoarthritis. Several factors contribute to these conditions, but we can take measures to mitigate the risks and to increase opportunities for prevention.
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by low bone density (BMD). Osteoporosis and osteopenia differ in the presence of osteopenia (also called low bone mass) in the sense that there is less bone loss than if you have osteoporosis.
Note that osteoclast cells remove bone faster than osteoblasts that form new bone because osteoporosis is always changing as bone is constantly changing. This leads to more bone loss as there is no equalization between osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
As the density of the bone decreases, the strength of the bone decreases markedly and it becomes fragile. If the bone breaks, the risk of fractures and loss of balance will increase, causing falls and other injuries. After 50 years old, the bone becomes more fragile and normal BMD examination is required. Relevant measures of BMD are mentioned in terms of T scores. T score is a measure of BMD compared to the reference average of young adults of normal age. The usual T score is -1.0 or more. However, it is defined as -1.0 to -2.5 for osteopenia and -2.5 for osteoporosis.
It is also known as osteoarthritis (OA) - osteoarthritis, degenerative arthritis, or degenerative joint disease:
- It affects not only joints but also surrounding tissues[Capsules(ligamentslinersandmuscles)included[includingthecapsule(ligamentsliningandmuscles);[カプセル（靭帯、内張り、および筋肉）を含む。[includingthecapsule(ligamentsliningandmuscles);
- It may hurt.
- Degenerative disease.
- Diseases caused by loss of cartilage in joints.
- It is a normal result of aging and often affects the foot, fingers, buttocks, knees or the spinal column.
- It is a progressive disease.
- It is due to joint wear.
- It is the result of several obstacles that cause joint dysfunction, not a single disease.
- It is the most common one of joint disorders.
- You may not be able to prevent or cure it all the time, but you can control it to prevent its development or progression.
- Proceed with destruction (annihilation) of the joint space.
Some conditions and factors that can be caused by or at risk of osteoporosis (and osteopenia) and osteoarthritis include,
- Asian or Caucasian race.
- Bone cancer;
- Calcium deficiency.
- chemical treatment;
- Eating disorders (eg, anorexia nervosa, bulimia);
- Excessive alcohol consumption;
- Genetics;
- joint damage (eg macroscopic);
- the lack of certain hormones (estrogen in male females and androgens).
- Lack of exercise (including weight-bearing exercise) or aggressive lifestyle.
- Liver disease;
- Dosing (eg specific blood thinner, anti-stroke, long-term use of certain medications).
- Obesity;
- Excessive use of joints.
- Excessive use of corticosteroids.
- malnutrition;
- Radiation therapy;
- Rheumatoid arthritis;
- No smoking;
- Thyroid problem.
- Vitamin D deficiency;
- Women (females have lower bone density than men, risking higher as older age decreases bone mass).
The following are some things that can be done to prevent or alleviate the risk of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis:
- Do not repeatedly stress the joints at home or in the workplace (there is one example using an ergonomic keyboard).
- Adjust the work area to avoid joint stress.
- Avoid excessive use of joints (especially painful joints).
- Avoid smoking.
- Eat a balanced diet;
- Eat a whole body healthy diet (eg eat nuts, fish, and calcium rich foods).
- Exercise in the water such as swimming.
- Exercise for strengthening your bones - Including weight bearing motion.
- Get adequate rest.
- Take plenty of sleep;
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Do not fall, such as your home is safe in all areas, regularly keeping your eyes, using walking aids if you need, wearing secure shoes that provide support Be careful.
- Take supplements as necessary to ensure that your system has enough minerals and vitamins for strong bones.
It is not always possible to prevent bone health problems, but it is always important to reduce risk and take precautionary measures.
