Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a life-threatening infectious disease, contracted by human animals and primates. That is bleeding fever. It is caused by the Ebola virus also called "filovirus" (they are derived from the viral family "Fibriboli"). The Ebola virus contains five different viruses, four of which are infected by humans and the fifth infects other animals.
Two simultaneous occurrences showed the first appearance of this disease in 1976. One of them was in Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo was another affected country. The first incident that appeared in the Democratic Republic of Congo was near the Ebola River, so the name of this river turned into the name of this river.
Ebola-causing viruses are first transmitted to human animals by contact with infected animals (the virus mainly affects fruit bats, monkeys and apes), and then the disease is transferred from one individual to another Spread. Physical contact and exposure to infected person's bodily fluids can cause spread of the disease.
Initial signs and symptoms such as fever, severe headache, muscle pain, chills, fatigue and weakness may develop 8 to 10 days after infection with the virus. These symptoms are likely to become noticeable over time. Other indicators useful for diagnosis of Ebola are red inflamed eyes (eye sometimes blurred), rash, chest pain and cough, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, significant weight loss, and internal bleeding.
Because these symptoms are similar to typhoid and malaria, it is not easy for a doctor to diagnose EVD. Where there is a doctor's opinion that the patient has suffered from this virus, two blood tests can be used to ascertain whether the individual is infected and can be confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Medical experts were unable to develop vaccines and antiviral drugs due to this fatal illness, but the World Health Organization (WHO) is actively seeking healing. On the other hand, medical staff use several basic intervention methods to save lives of infected individuals. These include injection of intravenous injection (IV), provision of body salt (electrolyte balance), ensuring constant oxygen supply, maintaining normal and stable blood pressure. If the patient develops other infections, treatment should be done immediately.
A precautionary way to prevent the spread of diseases is to isolate the infected person so that medicine is done in a private ward to prevent other patients from contracting to Ebola. In addition, medical staff need extreme caution in disposing syringes and needles. They need to wear gloves and facial masks to make sure that they are not in danger by avoiding direct contact with Ebola patients' body fluids (such as blood). Furthermore, since it is known that this disease spreads after the death of infected individuals, families and friends who mourn the death of a loved one with Ebola should avoid physical contact, especially with body fluids.
